Dsl Vs Cable Essays - Modems, Internet Access,

Dsl Vs Cable Cable Modems and ADSL Two modem technologies have emerged over the past year for switched data communications services. Cable Modems operate over two-way hybrid fiber/coax and provide user rates as high as 10 Mbps. ADSL Modems (Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Lines) operate over existing copper telephone lines and provide rates as high as 9 Mbps. Both technologies address the large markets for Internet access, remote LAN access for work at home and telecommuting, and network access for the hundreds of millions of personal computers in place today and to be sold over the next ten years. Cable modems may offer more raw speed than ADSL, but that advantage is compromised by inevitable reductions in available cable modem speed. Cable modems share a line with tens of other users; as more users join a line, the capacity available to any one inevitably drops. The top speeds of both technologies will not be usable for years anyway. Internet server speeds, network delays, and personal computer limitations will hold usable rates at or below 2 Mbps for some time. ADSL offers higher security and reliability profiles. Both technologies are at about the same state of maturity and integration. Cable modems may offer a less expensive network solution because of its shared architecture, but that differential is more than offset by infrastructure costs required to upgrade existing networks. The largest advantage of ADSL, and it is a significant one, is the number of telephone lines already installed that can support ADSL, or prospectively available with network upgrades. Today the global ratio is in the order of 400 million to 6 million, or about 60 to 1. Aggressive upgrades will not improve the ratio to better than 10 to 1 in the next five or six years. Even in the United States the ratio today is in the order of 20 to 1, and will not likely get better for CATV suppliers than 3 to 1 over the next five or six years. The end of 1997 will have sold two hundred million personal computers. At present run rates, another 240 million will be added by 2001 as PCs start to approach the global population of televisions. Small offices and residences will absorb at least 25% of them, or 100 million. Forester has projected 6 million cable modems will be installed by the year 2000. With suitable pricing, telephone company connections could be triple that number, yielding an altogether reasonable figure of 25 million personal computer users operating at megabit rates as the century turns. BASIC MODEM TECHNOLOGIES Cable Modems. While cable modems come in many forms, the most typical create a downstream data stream out of one of the 6 MHz TV channels that occupy range above 50 MHz (and more likely 550 MHz). An upstream channel carved out of the currently unused band between 5 and 50 MHz. Using 64 QAM, a downstream channel can realize about 30 Mbps (the speed of 10 Mbps refers to PC rates associated with Ethernet connections). Upstream rates vary considerably from vendor to vendor. The downstream channel is continuous, but divided into cells or packets, with addresses in each packet determining who actually receives a particular packet. The upstream channel has a media access control that slot user packets or cells into a single channel. To avoid collisions, the system gates each upstream packet onto the network with control signals embedded in the downstream information stream. (Some cable modem configurations divide the upstream into frequency channels and allocate a channel to each ! user. Others combine the two multiplexing methods. A few modem companies are proposing techniques like spread spectrum or code division multiplexing to provide more robustness in the presence of ingress noise.) Cable modem rates do not depend upon coaxial cable distance, as amplifiers in the cable network boost signal power sufficiently to give every user enough. Variation in cable modem capacity will depend rather on ingress noise in the line itself and the number of simultaneous users seeking access to a shared line. ADSL. Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Lines locate modems on either end of existing copper telephone lines. As the name suggests, they realize downstream speeds up to 9 Mbps, but upstream speeds up

5 Assorted Usage Errors

5 Assorted Usage Errors 5 Assorted Usage Errors 5 Assorted Usage Errors By Mark Nichol Using the right word for the job, or considering whether a word is needed at all, distinguishes careful writing from careless writing. Discussion and revision of the following sentences illustrate various ways in which writing can be improved by word-by-word attention to detail. 1. Here’s a list of several webinars that we have hosted that we think you may be interested in. The conjunction that is often optional in a sentence, but when it appears twice in a sentence, omit at least one expendable instance: â€Å"Here’s a list of several webinars we have hosted that we think you may be interested in† (or â€Å"Here’s a list of several webinars we have hosted we think you may be interested in†). 2. Smith snapped back in a rare display of emotion during an otherwise unflappable matter-a-fact testimony. Venerable idiomatic phrases a writer may have heard spoken but not seen written out may be misheard or misremembered and subsequently erroneously recorded, so always double-check the exact wording of such phrases: â€Å"Smith snapped back in a rare display of emotion during an otherwise unflappable matter-of-fact testimony.† 3. Jones’s teammates stressed how little he stresses in the postseason. Stress is often used as a synonym for emphasize, but it is better to employ it only to refer to physical or mental pressure, and emphasize is especially preferable if, distractingly, both senses of stress are used in the same sentence: â€Å"Jones’s teammates emphasized how little he stresses in the postseason.† 4. He’ll make his first scheduled public remarks at the state convention, where he is expected to address his future plans. Plans are, at least in the context of this sentence, something pertaining to the future, so future is redundant here: â€Å"He’ll make his first scheduled public remarks at the state convention, where he is expected to address his plans.† Always scan your writing to delete such extraneous wording. (See this DailyWritingTips.com post and this one for more examples.) 5. Depressed labor markets incent people to monetize their possessions, time, and talents in whatever ways they can. This sentence is a matter of aesthetic consideration rather than error, but avoid using neologisms when perfectly adequate (and often superior) antecedents exist: â€Å"Depressed labor markets incentivize [or â€Å"motivate†] people to monetize their possessions, time, and talents in whatever ways they can.† Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Usage Review category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Definitely use "the" or "a"Precedent vs. PrecedenceParticular vs. Specific

Applying Tactics, Actions and Control planning system on Chicken Essay

Applying Tactics, Actions and Control planning system on Chicken Cottage restaurent - Essay Example They wanted to create a logo which can be memorable for all and also create brand recognition for the company in the mind of the customers. The company was been founded by Mohammad Khalid. It has 115 outlets in UK and outlets in the other countries like Dubai, France, South Africa, Libya, Algeria, Pakistan, Iraq, Iran and Sweden. It is also planning to expand its business in other parts of world in certain other countries like Canada, china, Australia and India. In this report the Tactics, Action and Control strategies of the company will be seen which has helped the company to grow in such a huge manner and achieve such good amount of success in such a loess time and the way they are helping the company to achieve its goal. The main goal that the company has set up is to become the leading local fast food restaurant in UK. Chicken Cottage restaurant since the time of starting in 1994 has kept on growing at a constant rate. The company has made serious attempts to expand the business operations and take it to a higher level. The company has been able to open 115 outlets in the whole country and get a good visibility among the customers (Chicken Cottage, 2014). It has also been able to create a good brand image in the mind of the customers. But because of the presence of huge number of competitors present in the fast food restaurant industry in the UK market it has been a tough journey for the company and it has not been able to get the position of the market leader capturing maximum market. To help the company in increasing their market share SOSTAC model is been used to analyze. Among all the 6 factors which are situation, control, action, tactics, strategy and objectives the main three factors that are been used in this case are the Tactics, Action and Control. In this section the objectives and the goals of the company is been seen and based

Standard Practices of the Magistrate Court Outline

Standard Practices of the Magistrate Court - Outline Example The main aim of this research presented in this outline was to determine if there is a specific combination of factors that leads to a ruling of guilty, or to a guilty plea. If there is such a combination, research should show what the factors are that make it up. Should there not be an identifiable pattern to guilty pleas, the data provided by this research should be able to point future researchers in the right direction. The methodology used by the researcher was Ethnographic Observation as this allowed the researcher to quietly observe the proceedings without altering those proceedings with their presence. Multiple cases were observed in several different courtrooms to allow for maximum opportunity of fully comprehensive data. At the end of the 3-week placement, the data was analyzed and evaluated for patterns of consistency. At the end of the 3-week placement period, the data gathered was to be analyzed for patterns of consistency in what age and gender groups are most frequentl y brought before the Magistrate Court, and on what charges they are brought forth. The conclusion reached at the end of this research was that lay magistrates, unable to lean on the legal training they do not have, are essentially forced to rely on tangible evidence presented to them in the courtroom. Although the tangible evidence they rely on may or may not have anything to do with the actual case, there is clear evidence that the defendant’s appearance in court influences the judgments handed down.

Differentiate laissez-faire capitalism from state-directed capitalism Essay

Differentiate laissez-faire capitalism from state-directed capitalism - Essay Example The policy is a modification of the industrialized economy in the modern society. Laissez-faire capitalism differentiates an economy from a state. As such, crucial decision of the nation is designed to serve the economy. â€Å"A minimal role for government is called laissez-faire capitalism, from the French for â€Å"Leave us alone,† supposedly said by the French economist Vincent de Gournay (1712–1759) to a government bureaucrat† (Dahlman, Carl & William, 472). Laissez-faire capitalism entails manipulating national budgets, redistributing income and formulating national policy for an overall growth and expansion of a nation. State-directed capitalism refers to a systematic policy where the government contributes largely to the trade affairs target to improve an economy. The structure entails nationalizing resources and incorporating productive enterprise to develop the economy. The state-directed capitalism dynamics include privatization of enterprises, raising stock markets and providing investment capital for nation building. The program regulates trade affairs generating income under controlled government schematics. This system targets to develop an economy under regulated approaches originating from the government. State-directed capitalism revolves around government involvement in economic developments. The government allocates the necessary resources to generate revenues with assistance from other private markets. â€Å"Direct government participation in the economy ranges theoretically from a communist system, in which both the natural resources and the productive enterprises are nationalizedâ €”that is, owned by the government in the name of the people—to a capitalist system, in which the state defers to private enterprise and a stock market raises and allocates investment capital† (Dahlman & William, 472). . The American economy establishes a capitalist enterprise for national growth and

Do People Deserve The Death Penalty Philosophy Essay

Do People Deserve The Death Penalty Philosophy Essay What is capital punishment, and what do people do to deserve such a misfortunate fate? Capital punishment is the death penalty and is performed on criminals who have committed heinous acts of murder, rape, or a combination of the two crimes. When the words death penalty are used, it makes activists from opposite ends of the spectrum yell and scream, trying to make their voices and thoughts heard. Some people would say that using the death penalty deters criminals from performing crimes while others disagree and would say innocent people are killed needlessly with the death penalty. Regardless of the great debate, the death penalty should remain legal and be used sparingly on criminals who can be convicted and proven guilty without a reasonably doubt. The death penalty has always been a very touchy subject because of the moral obligations humanity has to the treatment of others and the obligation to the victims in acts of animosity. The death penalty was legal up until 1972, when the Supreme Court declared the punishment unconstitutional in Furman vs. Georgia (Liptak, 2007). In this particular case, Furman was burglarizing a home when the family members discovered him. In an attempt to flee, Furman tripped, and the gun he was carrying went off and killed a member of the house. He was convicted of murder and sentenced to death (Oyez Project, n.d.). However, the Supreme Court ruled that in cases similar to this one, like Jackson v. Georgia and Branch v. Texas, that the death penalty was a violation of the Eight and Fourteen Amendments which state that cruel and unusual punishment are unconstitutional. Four years later, the Supreme Court reversed the decision with Gregg vs. Georgia. Gregg was charged with armed robbery and murder whe n he robbed two men and gunned them down. Gregg was later found guilty and sentenced to death (FindLaw, n.d). The key difference between Furman vs. Georgia and Gregg vs. Georgia was that Furman fell and accidently killed while Gregg killed two men without mercy so that he could rob them. Because of Greggs actions, the Supreme Court overturned their previous decision, and the death penalty was reinstated. Despite the reinstatement of the death penalty, thirteen states in America do not have the death penalty. These states are Alaska, District of Colombia, Hawaii, Iowa, Maine, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, North Dakota, Rhode Island, Vermont, West Virginia, and Wisconsin. Without the death penalty institutionalized in these states, they have a higher crime rate than the states that do have the death penalty ( Death Penalty Information Center, 1992). According to H. Naci Mocan, an economist at Louisiana State University, there is a deterrent effect on criminals who live in states that have the death penalty. Mr. Mocan, along with several other economists, conducted studies over the past decade and compared the numbers of executions in different areas with homicide rates over time. The conclusion these economists found in roughly a dozen studies is that for each inmate put to death three to eighteen murders are prevented (Liptak, 2007). In addition to preventing murders and crimes, states that have legalized the death penatly do tend to have a lower crime rate than states that do not have the death penatly. Nothing will completely deter someone from comitting a crime, however, according to Johanna M. Shepherd, a law professor at Emory, People do respond to incentives (Liptak, 2007). The evidence of such a powerful statement has been proven through numerous of studies conducted over the past decade. Although the death penalty provides incentives for people not to commit crimes, there are a few that are not capable mentally to understand their wrongs. It has always been a major concern of humanity activists that one day a mentally ill criminal may be sentenced to death. The existence of mentally ill criminals who do not comprehend the reason or the reality of their crimes is one major reason why the death penalty should be used sparingly if it is to remain legal throughout the states. It is all right for a jury to convict a criminal who is sane when there is no reasonable doubt. However, to convict a mentally ill person violates the U.S. constitution with the court case ruling of Ford vs. Wainwright. This ruling left the determination of insanity up to each individual state (Amnesty International USA, 1961). With a mentally ill criminal, there is no justice or satisfaction with the death penalty. Using the death penalty on someone incapable of understanding the extremity of his o r her crimes is like sentencing an innocent man to die. Instead of killing someone who could have no more understanding of the law than a five year old, the judge and jury should have the right to give the person life without parole rather than the death penalty. Although the death penalty was not used in The Leo Frank Case, the principle of convicting an innocent man to die remains the same. The Leo Frank Case began in Atlanta were a thirteen-year-old girl was found raped and strangled in a local pencil factory owned by a Jewish man named Leo Frank. Leo Frank was arrested and participated in a rigged trial were witnesses lied continually on the stand and convinced the jury, judge, and bystanders that Leo Frank was guilty without a reasonable doubt. Leo Frank was sentenced to death and hung in the hometown of Mary Phagan. Four years later, the real murderer of Mary Phagan was convicted and sentenced to death. According to old police files that never came into evidence in Leo Franks court case, a worker of Franks by the name of Jim Conley was proven to be the murderer when he confessed on his deathbed (Dinnerstein, 1966). Leo Frank had been an innocent man convicted to die because of poor judgment. Although the case happened many years ago, th e same poor judgment in our court systems continues today. That is why the death penalty should only be used when there is no reasonable doubt that the criminal is guilty of committing the crime. Life without parole is a much better alternative for an innocent man rather than killing him for a crime he did not commit. Because with the sentence of life without parole, the man could file for appeals and prove his innocence rather than his life being taken away to false witnesses or corrupted judges who have a second agenda. Although the death penalty has saved many innocent lives and given many people peace, the process should always be used as a last resort. The death penalty should be used sparingly because the process deters some, not all, criminals from committing crimes. According to the U.S. constitution, mentally ill criminals cannot be put to death. In addition, innocent people die by the death penalty and are never given a chance to prove their innocence. The death penalty will always be a touchy subject no matter how many years pass. However, although the death penalty saves lives and protects the interests of the citizens of America, the death penalty should be used sparingly and wisely because life without parole is always a better alternative than death.

F. Scott Fitzgeralds The Great Gatsby :: essays research papers

Jay Gatsby: Pure Corruption Embodied   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The story The Great Gatsby, written by F. Scott Fitzgerald, takes place in the 1920's. It is the story of a man named Jay Gatsby who is on what he sees as a quest to recapture his former love Daisy Fay. Gatsby is a poor man who feels that he can win her back, if he acquires enough material wealth. He sees getting Daisy back as part of finally getting his American Dream. His whole life he has been chasing his American Dream of being happy. He was a corrupt man who saw only corrupt means to make his dream come true. Gatsby is not tricked by anyone into becoming corrupt, on the contrary, he willfully lets himself become corrupt all to achieve what he sees as the American Dream and finally become happy.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Gatsby, as a young man, believes that he can make his dreams come true and become great. The average American believes that you can achieve anything through hard work, Gatsby believes that he does not need to work hard, but only use people. Gatsby is born James Gatz to poor parents. He always thinks that he should have been born rich and 'his imagination had never really accepted them as his parents'; (104). He wants to be rich or famous; he wants to be a somebody, and not the poor farm boy that he merle is. He feels that he can reinvent himself into the person he thought he should be. He renames himself Jay Gatsby and leaves home. He feels that if other people think that he is the person he wants to be, then he will really become that person. He lies about where he comes from to anyone that may ask. He knows from a young age how to deceive people and he does not think twice of it. After young Gatsby leaves home, he does not work like a man driven to achieve great ness, he works ', half fierce, half lazy'; (104). He was better at using young woman rather than manual labor. 'Since they spoiled him he became contemptuous of young virgins because they were ignorant, of the others'; (104). From a young age Gatsby is already corrupt, but only on a small scale. He has no real driving force to motivate him, he is happy with just taking advantage of young women. It will take his obsession of getting back his lost love Daisy to take his corruptness into a whole new arena. F. Scott Fitzgerald's The Great Gatsby :: essays research papers Jay Gatsby: Pure Corruption Embodied   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The story The Great Gatsby, written by F. Scott Fitzgerald, takes place in the 1920's. It is the story of a man named Jay Gatsby who is on what he sees as a quest to recapture his former love Daisy Fay. Gatsby is a poor man who feels that he can win her back, if he acquires enough material wealth. He sees getting Daisy back as part of finally getting his American Dream. His whole life he has been chasing his American Dream of being happy. He was a corrupt man who saw only corrupt means to make his dream come true. Gatsby is not tricked by anyone into becoming corrupt, on the contrary, he willfully lets himself become corrupt all to achieve what he sees as the American Dream and finally become happy.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Gatsby, as a young man, believes that he can make his dreams come true and become great. The average American believes that you can achieve anything through hard work, Gatsby believes that he does not need to work hard, but only use people. Gatsby is born James Gatz to poor parents. He always thinks that he should have been born rich and 'his imagination had never really accepted them as his parents'; (104). He wants to be rich or famous; he wants to be a somebody, and not the poor farm boy that he merle is. He feels that he can reinvent himself into the person he thought he should be. He renames himself Jay Gatsby and leaves home. He feels that if other people think that he is the person he wants to be, then he will really become that person. He lies about where he comes from to anyone that may ask. He knows from a young age how to deceive people and he does not think twice of it. After young Gatsby leaves home, he does not work like a man driven to achieve great ness, he works ', half fierce, half lazy'; (104). He was better at using young woman rather than manual labor. 'Since they spoiled him he became contemptuous of young virgins because they were ignorant, of the others'; (104). From a young age Gatsby is already corrupt, but only on a small scale. He has no real driving force to motivate him, he is happy with just taking advantage of young women. It will take his obsession of getting back his lost love Daisy to take his corruptness into a whole new arena.

Global Warming and Its Management Essay

Managers are the most important human resource in any organization because they are charged with the responsibility of ensuring that the organizational goals are achieved within the specific time through a good business environment. Both organizations and people need each other to further their different goals or objectives. Therefore if mutuality is missing, it makes no sense in trying to assemble a group and develop a cooperation because there is no common base on which to build. Therefore, for attainment of organizational effectiveness, human resource and especially the managers is the most important asset that must be paid attention by the management. (Rampton, 2003) Causes of global climate change From this article we find that Dr Walker suggest that global climate change is not necessarily caused by the increased use of the fossil fuel, many scientists have been found to be against his arguments claiming that most of the global warming cases are caused by human activities apart from that caused by climatic changes, whereby we find that they reported that in the year 1998 the earth was found to be warmest as compared to the current years arguing that the carbon dioxide concentration is higher claiming that it has increased by over three percent, these scientists claim that a rise in the global warming is mainly caused by the following factors There have been heated political, religious, social and scientific arguments about what could be the causes of global warming. Scientifically, burning of fossil fuels such as petrol, coal, electricity, garbage disposal, and methane from reared animals’ e. g. dairy cattle, goats and sheep the atmosphere of the earth is everywhere and it includes the air we breathe. The earth’s surface, water, land, and the whole biosphere absorb the heat from the sun after which it sends it back to the atmosphere. However, some of the sunlight energy passes back to the space while a good percentage is trapped by the greenhouse gases in the atmosphere thus causing the earth to heat up. (Maslin, 2004) From the article we find that Dr Walker says that most of the green house gas effects are brought up by the existing water vapor and the carbon dioxide resulting from the human activities he is reported saying that â€Å"the anthropogenic carbon dioxide increase in the atmosphere makes an insignificant contribution to the enhanced greenhouse gas effect’ research indicates that many scientists are against the Doctors ideas are incorrect they bring in the idea that in the cases where there is an increase in the concentration of the carbon dioxide with the combination of the other green house gases will actually lead to an increase to the amount of vapour in the atmosphere and since scientifically vapour is found to be a strong green house gas cause an increase in the atmospheric temperature which is regarded as a positive effect to the atmospheric change. This vapour also leads to the formation of cloudiness which brings in cooling effect to the atmospheric temperate which many scientists regard it as a negative effect. The article indicates that eighty five percent of the global temperatures come up as a result the emission of the green house gases while fifteen percent of the temperature is caused by other factors Planning and Controlling Functions This paper will focus on the planning and controlling functions of management and how managers can utilize such functions to reduce the effects of changing climate in the business world. As Dr. Len walker puts it; â€Å"cool heads needed on global warming† (Paul, 2007). There have been heated political, religious, social and scientific arguments about what could be the causes of global warming. Scientifically, burning of fossil fuels such as petrol, coal, electricity, garbage disposal, and methane from reared animals’ e. g. dairy cattle, goats and sheep affects the atmosphere of the earth everywhere and it includes the air we breathe. The earth’s surface, water, land, and the whole biosphere absorb the heat from the sun after which it sends it back to the atmosphere. However, some of the sunlight energy passes back to the space while a good percentage is trapped by the greenhouse gases in the atmosphere thus causing the earth to heat up. It is prudent therefore for managers to put in place plan of actions that will ensure the economic growth of their businesses despite the negative effects of global warming. Therefore such scenarios necessitates the willpower and the knowledge of planning and controlling management activities from the current managers in order to avoid adverse effects caused by changing climate. (Hilltop, 1994) According to the latest research, reports suggest that managers have a discrete and decisive function in all organizations particularly in the debate on global warming and they do not only act as a medium between the top managers and the external bodies such as the UN. Managers in many organizations in an effort to be effective and efficient in the understanding of global warming effects have the planning responsibility of balancing the ever competing demands of their roles brought about by effects of changing climate in the world. In order to attain the above objective this managers have embarked on planning and controlling roles in order to avoid any unwanted outcome as a result of changing climate and thus achieve the desired output. Such roles include the following Managers in most organizations through the overall controlling function act as change agents within these organizations. There is increased interaction of people from different cultures, societies, and various backgrounds in undertaking various business activities with the aim of achieving their goals for example opening of more branches that has effects on the business environment . e. g through pollution. Because of invention of advanced technology the world has increasingly become a village and as a result global business is the modern form of business in this 21st century. Therefore managers are expected to strategize on the best controlling measures of changing climate in order to change the business activities to the desired levels that do not further effects of global warming. (Rampton, 2003) Because of globalization in relation to business firms there have been great disregard to national borders, governments have lower hand in controlling the flow of their economies and large companies including organizations are now not restricted to only one particular country as it was before. Managers in these organizations through the planning function have to cope with changes brought about by this aspect of globalization particularly on the issues relating to garbage and sewerage treatment. This implies that mangers have to incorporate the desired actions in the planning process in order to curb the changing climate that may affect the success of businesses in the future. They also have the task of ensuring that the employees in the organizations are well equipped with skills, expertise, and knowledge that can help understand the effects of global warming. Middle managers have the planning duty of being a strategist in order to cope with the increasing demands particularly with regards to the effects of global warming on success of an organization. This implies that they have the tasks of ensuring that the strategies formulated by the organization are implemented and executed in a good way that will lead to decreasing the effects of global warming. They should therefore have the ability to interpret direction from the external bodies like the United Nations in to functional departmental strategies and policies that will avoid any conflicts in the organization and those plans must be viable and supportive for the mission of the organization regarding changing in climate. (Maundy, 2001) In order to enhance this responsibility’ the managers must pay much attention to formulation of workable strategies. A strategy may be defined as the calculated means by which the enterprise deploys its resources to accomplish its purpose and basic objectives under the most advantageous circumstances. Therefore the mangers have the task of ensuring that the organization for example a multinational firm must be overall low cost effective system which will ensure good systems of controlling pollution, sewerage and garbage treatment among other climate effects by using of advanced technologies. So the work of middle managers is to ensure sourcing of competent expertise and application of approved high quality technologies e. g. the use of approved chemicals in treating of sewerages. This implies that planning and controlling functions will be required by managers in order to enhance formulation of viable strategies as well as setting parameters on how such strategies are controlled. Managers must also act at as ethicists in any organization in order to balance the competing demands brought about by the effects of global warming. This role implies that the managers should develop a system that will help them sustain pressure from external forces in the process of promoting positive effects of global warming. This implies managers must show commitment, support and cooperation among the top management, low level management or the subordinates and themselves regarding the controlling of effects of climate changes. For these managers to maximize the concept of teamwork in the organization then they should emphasize on formation of groups within the workplace. A group can be defined as social unit which people interacts face to face when working. If an organization emphasizes group work then it is more likely that good results will be achieved. Sometimes some kind of work require teamwork participation in order to achieve goals, so managers should encourage group decisions too because they bound to succeed unlike individual decisions. This may involve planning function of coming up with ideas regarding making decisions jointly concerning how to curb the effects of global warming. (Maundy, 2001) Economic Effects The economic implications of global climate change are worse since these weather phenomenons occur unpredictably. Insurance companies for example have a lot to loose when a weather condition such as the El Nino damage property and businesses which makes it not only difficult to compensate but also expensive to cater for. Economic implications are considered to be harsh for third world countries as compared to developed countries because they lack the capacity to counter such disasters of big magnitudes. The other sector of the economy affected by global warming is the transport sector. Most of the infrastructure in Indonesia and India has collapsed as an outcome of these disasters thus making it very expensive for the countries to repair and maintain them. Agricultural production being dependant on weather conditions of a particular place is under threat from global warming. Countries in the Islands such as Madagascar produce very little agricultural produce not because they lack the water but because the conditions there are very uncertain and also harsh such that only greenhouses can produce well.

Franchising

Franchising is defined as a business model wherein the owner of the business (franchisor) gives the independent operator (franchisee) the right to distribute his product, apply his business techniques and use his brand and/or trademark in the conduct of the business. With such a business model, the business owner can maximize their business’ profit potential in a shorter time compared to other more traditional business models. In franchise business, it is not only the products or service that the franchisee can avail; it is more of the system-the business plan of the chosen franchise. It is fact that before franchise companies offer their business packages, they already conducted strenuous researches and studies to test the capability of the franchise to withstand the various factors that might affect the operation of the business. Simply put, franchise business offers a time-tested business plan. When entrepreneurs think of franchising, food is often the first thing that comes to mind. Most of the world’s biggest restaurant concepts are all franchised businesses. This chapter focuses on study and literature readings of franchising business specially food franchising. Different report related to this research will help researcher educate themselves to the different aspect of purchasing a food franchise. Since 1950s, food establishments have quickly become the most popular sector in franchising. In U. S. as the nation’s economic environment hold steady, franchising continues to exhibit its positive influence. According to William Rosenberg International Center of Franchising at the University of New Hampshire Whittemore School of Business and Economics, â€Å"Franchised Businesses create more value and perform better financially than their non-franchised competitors†. The study found that over the 10 year period, U. S. public restaurant franchisor have created more value than their non-franchising competitors. â€Å"Franchising firms minimize agency problems, and have access to cheaper capital, motivated managerial expertise, and better local market knowledge,† according to the report. Franchising has grown so fast since the 1950s that it is now pervasive in different economy around the world. In study commissioned by the International Franchise Association, PriceWaterhouseCoopers estimated that in 2001 there were more than 767,000 business establishment in the United States engaged in franchising, providing directly or indirectly more than 18 million jobs, over $506 billion in payroll, and over $1. 5 trillion of output. Franchising now dominates certain sectors of the U. S. economy, over 56 percent of quick-sevice restaurants are franchises. Franchising is also one of the fastest-growing U. S. xports, and it is now estimated that franchising will grow 12 to 14 percent per year in the future. The restaurant industry has earned a reputation for high risk and high rewards. Some industry analysts claim a dubious 90 percent failure in the first year. Franchise restaurants based on proven systems have a high success rate—about 62 percent over four years—than independent operators. In U. S. the average full-service restaurant in 2006 grossed $867,000. The restaurant industry is the U. S. largest employer after the government. The profitability of a food franchise always depends in their ability to provide satisfaction in their customers. Research indicates that consumers have strong preference about choosing where to eat—with 62 percent saying they look for â€Å"environmentally friendly† establishments, 70 percent want offerings not easily duplicated in their home kitchen; and 83 percent express approval of healthier eating options at quick service eateries. The Success of food franchise can be put down to strong customer focus; franchisees are selected and entrusted with a loved brand and the quality of product and service is never compromised. It is necessary that the franchisor offers its franchisees a comprehensive franchise system, with maximum support and training. Entrepreneurial Failure: The Case of Franchises†, by Steve Michael, a professor of business administration at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Campaign, concluded that â€Å"Franchisees are less likely to fail if they have been trained effectively by the franchisor†. Franchises with the best, most robust training programs have the most successful franchisees. The length of the training program was significantly tied to the chance of failure. Those franchises with the shortest franchisee training programs were more likely to fail. Those with longer programs were more likely to succeed. Michael Newman, president and founder of ABC, based in Citrus Heights, California, agrees and says training of franchisees was paramount from the word â€Å"go†. â€Å"We realized very early on that everything is about training† says Newman. â€Å"Franchisees need good training in order to be successful out in the field. There are as many varieties of food franchises as there are types of foods. Investments can range from the very high end of hundreds of thousands of pesos for full-service restaurants, to a moderate capital outlay for vending machine. There are franchises that specialize in sandwiches, barbeque, burgers, pizza, ethnic foods, candy, ice cream, smoothies and many other types of foods. Food franchising is most often associated with restaurants and it is the best franchise because food and eating remain constant. In Maslow’s Hierarchy of needs, survival needs is the first factor that man should satisfy. In here, nourishment of one’s body is essential, not just because man wants to eat but rather man needs to eat in order to survive. Aside from being a need for human survival, food is the best franchise to engage in because people spend much for food. Plus, human choices of what kind of food or menu to offer are almost endless. Another good thing about food franchise is that, there are a lot of affordable franchise packages that will fit your capital. Entrepreneurs can select from food carts, which is a good start-up, or by kiosks and cafes. This type of food franchise do not require investors to dole out millions or hundreds of thousands pesos. Franchising has recently been named as one of the most outstanding and most successful business models in the country today. It has become so popular that we now have more than a thousand franchise Philippines brands (from just about 50 franchising brands during the 1980s). No wonder, the Philippines is now being dubbed as the â€Å"Franchising Hub of Asia†. Food franchise here in the Philippines is a good earning potential since the products are usually affordable and the taste suits the Filipino taste buds. The very simple explanation for this is that Filipinos love to eat good food. Investors can put their franchise near the schools and universities, transport terminals and even within shopping malls. They can place their franchise anywhere, provided there is traffic or consumers who willing to pay for good tasting meals. There is no doubt, that food business or franchise is a stable industry despite the greet hit of economic recession. Entrepreneurs likely to think that competition in food franchise is stiff. Yes, of course. But their edge depends on the quality and taste of the food. They have to make sure that they deal with the best franchise company who offer good food at good price. Food products should be clean, properly processed, and served in an appetizing way. Naturally, man will spend good money for a great meal. So, it is a confirmation that food franchise can stay sturdy and growing even if other business entities face bankruptcy. Everyone can afford to skip buying latest gadget, but it is a sure bet that, they cannot afford to skip food. As long as there are people around, then food industry stays. Today, even if the economy is down, is still the best time to buy a food franchise. Food business in the Philippines is one of the best investments but it does not promise a 100 percent success. Successful business often start with an idea an entrepreneur hatches, slowly builds up and takes to market. Planning and controlling often occupy the top of every aspiring businessman’s to-do-list before they even starts leasing space and producing products. As it turns out, there are always exceptions to the rule, even in business. Take for instance Edgar Injap Sia. For him, taking advantage of a great opportunity outweighs all the planning known to man, which why he took up a vacant mall in his hometown of Iloilo City without a plan on what to do with. After a few weeks of conceptualizing, Sia decided to put up a restaurant offering an Illonggo staple called inasal in a ciy that was already teeming with versions of the same product. But due to his relentless work ethic, Sia’s Mang Inasal Restaurant became a critical and dominant success in the Visayas region in no time. After establishing a good foothold in that region, he then set his sights on conquering the holy grail of every Filipino businessman: taking his concept to Luzon, specifically the make-or-break capital city, Metro Manila. I was not very familiar with Manila, because I was born and raised in Visayas. I only visited once a year, and it was usually for very short stays. So I knew I was in for a quite a challenge taking Mang Inasal to Luzon,† he said. Out of nowhere, Mang Inasal branches in Metro Manila had sprouted like mushrooms. Mang Inasal’s Founder Edgar Injap Sia shares the secret on making up in the big league. First, be brave and be hold. Second, innovate and start something new. Third, be ready for backbreaking work. Fourth, refuse to give up. Fifth, go slow and steady. Sixth, join reputable organizations. Seventh, stand out. Eight, continue to look for opportunities. â€Å"Nothing is impossible with right attitude. Do not be intimidated by problems look at them as an opportunities for growth. That’s the entrepreneurial spirit of Mang Inasal’ Chairman and CEO, Edgar J. Sia II. In food franchise business commitment with the right attitude is one of the most important recipe. It is impossible to survive and succeed being a franchisee if you are not committed in your business. Source http://www.bison.com/press_ABCSeniors_06092008

Professional Mobile Signature For Business Email [Examples]

Professional Mobile Signature For Business Email [Examples] One of the major benefits of my executive business writing coaching work is hearing first hand what bothers executives about business email, mobile communication, and all business writing issues. I learned something recentlywhile working with a very smart, very mobile, technology executive. "It drives me crazy when people don't include their full contact information in their mobile signatures. If I receive an email on my mobile phone and need to call the sender, I often have to waste ten minutes digging somewhere for their phone number. I don't care what kind of device they sent the message from. I just want the information I need to quickly contact them." Good point! Indicate in Your Mobile Signature that You're Sending from a Mobile Device I had to send four urgent emails while on the train from New York City to my office in Princeton recently. I was wedged in tightly on a shared seat between two napping passengers. I was careful not to move my arms much because I didn't want to wake up my napping seat neighbors. Writingthese emails with my elbows hugged in fully was challenging. I just noticed I mistyped two words in one of the messages I sent. Typos do happen more on mobile devices. Stating you sent a message from your mobile device does inherently convey a "cut me some slack" request. And, it lets readers know you are out of the office. We should send the clearest message possible, even by email, so I don't intend this advice as a free pass for good grammar and punctuation. An email, even sent by mobile device, is still a business document. It's discoverable in a lawsuit or investigation. Accuracy matters. Interestingly, when I researched this topic on technology and writing sites, there was some controversy: Some felt it was pretentious to include a statement that the message came from a mobile device, as if it showed off your technology status.Wow, he has an iPad! Others felt it conveyed a sense of care. You're so valued I'm answering you right now. I'm more concerned about conveying accurate information that helps your reader and increases the ease of information flow. Professional Email Signature Format Include your phone number in your signature. Yes, include your email address in your signature. Often, in a forwarded message, a second recipient will only see your name, not your email address, in the To: or Cc: lines. Include any other information relevant to your readers, such as your company website and time zone. If you receive an email on your mobile device that requires immediate response and length, reply with a quick summary and tell your reader you will respond fully when you are back at your office. When you are faced with the speed vs. accuracy dilemma when mobile, always lean to accuracy. hbspt.cta._relativeUrls=true;hbspt.cta.load(41482, 'c61cbd6e-f7ce-458b-af11-45f3cbe8af31', {}); Business Email Mobile Signature Cautions No need to state the brand of your phone. As much as I love my iPhone, many of my clients work closely with Microsoft and Google, so it's not appropriate - or even relevant - to name my phone. You likely email to a wide range of industries, too. Simply use the neutral statement "Sent from my mobile device." I received an email recently with the signature, "Sent from my blackberry please excuse any typos." Even without the ironic capitalization, comma, and missing word errors, this feels careless. Mentioning the mobile device is enough. Don't highlight that you'll likely make typos. Signature Examples Sent from my mobile device.Mobile phone: 609-555-5555 (if you share this widely)Office phone: 609-555-5556Email: yourname@gmail.comAny other information relevant to your industry, such as website, special login page, ortime zone. Omit any sentimental statements: Please consider the environment before printing this email, or Today's the day to soar, or any other inspirational statements. Remember, a mobile signature should enhance information flow. If particular information in your mobile signature helps information flow, include it. If information is irrelevant, omit it. As always, think about what works best for your reader. To learn all aspects of business email, consider our email course.

Green house gases effect Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Green house gases effect - Essay Example In particular, the level of carbon dioxide has increased from 280 ppm to 360 ppm. Careful observations have made it clear that the increase of greenhouse gases concentration has contributed to increase in global warming (Global warming. In The Encyclopedia of Ecology and Environmental Management, Blackwell Science). Thus a close relationship between the greenhouse gases and global warming has been established. Scientists use mathematical models of the energy balance of the Earth’s surface in relation to the properties of the atmosphere, to determine the intensity of the relationship between greenhouse gases and global warming. These models are very helpful in establishing that increase in greenhouse gases concentration leads to increase in global temperature. A number of supercomputers have been employed to analyze the data and predict the possible effect of this relationship. In addition, weather scientists developed global circulation models or GCMs for this purpose. If the current level of CO2 doubles, then there will be a long – term change in surface air temperatures. It is predicted that such long-term change would result in a temperature increase of 1.5 to 4.5 degrees Celsius. Thus the average increase is predicted to be 2.5 degrees Celsius. As such, vegetation in the North ern hemisphere is experiencing the effects of global warming (Global warming. In The Encyclopedia of Ecology and Environmental Management, Blackwell Science). Greenhouse gases are molecules in the earth’s atmosphere that have more than two atoms. They have the capacity to retain heat reflected from the earth’s surface, which results in increasing the temperature of the earth. The principal greenhouse gases are carbon dioxide or CO2, methane or CH4, ozone or O3, water vapor or H2O and minute quantities of CFC’s or chlorofluorocarbons (Nave). It is vitally important to properly assess the harm caused

Channel Design plan Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Channel Design plan - Term Paper Example A good channel distribution plan identifies the market segment that the products target, the preferences of the target customers, various market conditions and describes the appropriate structures that ought to be put in place so as to ensure efficient distribution of goods and services (John, 2002). Channel design planning enables products to grow from obscurity to become internationally recognized brands. This has made channel design planning one of the most demanded strategies in marketing in the contemporary world. The main essence of marketing channels is about making products and services available to consumers conveniently when, where and how they need them. A distribution channel entails a lot of strategies, most of which the consumer is not aware about because the consumer is only interested in getting the final product (Louis and David, 2000). The channels consist of very complex and dynamic systems which include distribution centers, technologies and strategies that are al l aimed at ensuring the customers can access the products and service more conveniently. This plan will focus on creating a channel design for my new business dealing in interior design. This is a new business that I have set up by establishing an interior design company. In this company I intend to create decor products for homes and sell the same on the website of my company. I also intend to offer a wide range of services relating to interior design. There is already an existing market for interior design with few companies already existing I the industry. The problem however is that the distribution channel is not well designed. Having my own channel design plan will make my business stand out and benefit more from because it will be much easier for me to get my services and other products to the target customers. I decided to take my company to the internet because this is turning to be one of the easiest ways to get products to consumers. More and more consumers are becoming a ware of buying goods from the internet making e-commerce one of the most popular business transactions. By selling my products on the internet I will be reaching out to consumers directly without the need of going through traditional middle men in the supply chain. This will make my products cheaper and attractive to my target consumers. A detailed analysis of the design plan is as shown below. The Market to be targeted by the new business Interior design is an emerging field that is gaining ground with a few established companies already offering their services to consumers. My new business hopes to grow quickly and become one of the leading businesses in the industry. In order to achieve this, it is important to identify my target consumers so as to be aware of the market segment that the business will be focusing on. The main consumers in the interior design industry include the real estate investors, home owners, event planners among others. There is a huge demand for decor mate rials, interior design advice among other services. Given this huge market the industry has, my business will only focus on events planners as the primary market segment. These events planner include planners of wedding receptions, birthday parties and other gatherings that need decor products. Since most of my products will be sold on the internet, a huge chunk of this segment will